In the process of longdistance electromagnetic signal transmission, atmospheric scattering will have a negligible effect on microwave transmission. In order to analyze this effect quantitatively, the turbulent atmospheric structure constant of the microwave section is obtained on the basis of the structure of atmospheric turbulence, and the humidity and temperature are considered simultaneously. Then the turbulence atmospheric scattering model is established based on the statistical random theory. The effect of atmospheric turbulence on the microwave transmission is simulated and analyzed by the parabolic equation. The simulation results show that the scattering effect caused by atmospheric turbulence tends to be obvious in the over the horizon. With the increase of the propagation distance, the amplitude of the field intensity along the propagation direction fluctuates randomly, and the atmospheric scattering effect will weaken with the increase of height.