Aiming at the shortcomings of traditional atmospheric boundary layer sounding system, such as insufficient detection performance, low data accuracy, high operating cost and threatening aviation safety, a new atmospheric boundary layer sounding instrument based on GNSS ( Global Navigation Satellite System ) is designed. The instrument uses satellite navigation wind measurement technology to realize the inversion of wind speed and direction at high altitude, and uses multi-sensor fusion technology to realize the measurement of meteorological elements such as temperature, humidity and air pressure. At the same time, it can monitor PM2.5 and other air pollutants through the external module. The test results show that the average deviations of the radiosonde in temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction respectively are 0.19 °C, 0.62 %, 0.25 m / s and 0.62 °, which meet the accuracy requirements of high-altitude meteorological detection. It can be widely used in the study of atmospheric boundary layer characteristics in meteorological detection, urban planning and environmental evaluation.