In order to solve the problems of low transmission rate, small bandwidth and poor reliability in large data transmission system, this paper proposes a design scheme of high speed data transmission between FPGAs based on SRIO protocol. The design uses SRIO IP embedded in FPGA to check the transmission data for sending, parsing and receiving; The FPGA internal GTP high-speed serial transceiver is used as the physical layer transmission basis. Photoelectric conversion module is used to convert optical and electrical signals to complete data long-distance transmission. The data transmission rate can reach 280MB/s, and the scheme has been successfully applied to the telemetry system memory ground test platform project, which can realize high-speed and reliable data transmission between two FPGA devices.