Aiming at the non-range-ranging location problem of multi-storey WSN structures, a three-dimensional indoor multi-storey structure location algorithm IAODV-HOP algorithm based on improved Tianying is proposed in the field of large-scale indoor multi-storey structure location for some large commercial supermarkets, hospitals, teaching buildings and so on. Firstly, the nodes are divided into three types of communication radius to refine the number of hops, and the average hop distance of the nodes is modified by using the minimum mean square error and the weight factor. Secondly, the IAO algorithm is used to optimize the coordinates of unknown nodes, and the population is initialized by the best point set strategy, which solves the problem that the quality and diversity of the population are difficult to guarantee due to the random distribution of the initial population in the Tianying algorithm. In addition, the golden sine search strategy is added to the local search to improve the position update mode of the population, and enhance the local search ability of the algorithm. Through simulation experiments, compared with traditional 3D-DV-Hop, PSO-3DDV-Hop, N3-3DDV-Hop and N3-ACO-3DDV-Hop, the normalized average positioning error of the proposed algorithm IAODV-HOP is reduced by 70.33%, 62.67%, 64% and 53.67%, respectively. It has better performance, better stability and higher positioning accuracy.