The speed control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor with the traditional proportional integral dual closedloop control structure has drawbacks on antiinterference performance and response speed. Therefore, under the research of PMSM mathematical model and analysis of traditional PI parameter design methods, this article proposes a PMSM speed control optimization strategy based on the fractional order proportional integral with improved sparrow search algorithm. By introducing good point set initialization strategy and golden sine update strategy into conventional SSA, the problem of SSA easily falling into local optima is solved, which improves the convergence speed and accuracy, leading to better response performance of the PMSM speed control system. Finally, the MATLAB simulation results show that the ISSA-FOPI speed regulation improvement strategy has the shortest adjustment time of 1.2, 0.9, 9.9 and 12.1 ms respectively under the four working conditions, and the minimum overshooting is 0.16%, 0.16%, 0.05% and 0.6% respectively. This fully embodies the effectiveness and superiority of the strategy.