To improve the sampling rate of time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TIADC) systems and address the limitation imposed by the mainstream method of reference channel in time misalignment error correction, a method for time misalignment error correction based on internal channel reference is proposed. In this method, the internal channels of the system are utilized as reference channels for estimating time mismatch errors. The time mismatch error parameters are estimated using the internal channel reference method, and the derivative of the target signal is obtained using the central differencing method. The time mismatch error is then reconstructed and compensated for using the estimated error parameters and the derivative of the target signal. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve an improvement of around 30 dB in spurious-free dynamic range and an increase of about 5 bits in effective resolution without additional restrictions, in a background, adaptive manner. The error suppression capability is comparable to that of the reference channel method.