模块化低空长航时无人机的设计与实现
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中国民用航空飞行学院航空工程学院 广汉 618307

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TP73;V241

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中央高校教育教学改革专项基金项目(E2020014、E2020017)、民航局民航教育培训专项基金项目(14002600100017J172、14002600100017J175)、中国民航飞行学院科研基金面上项目(J2015-17)资助


Design and implementation of a modular low-altitude long-endurance UAV
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Aviation Engineering Institute, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China

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    摘要:

    将无人机用于航空摄影测量和数字低空遥感,具有作业成本低、高效灵活和适用范围广等特点。通过选择有较好降阻、减重、增大强度的机身和主翼,计算出等功率情况下上升、起飞、巡航段最优配比的电机和螺旋桨,优先选择动力与安全性较高的金属舵机作为伺服器,慎重筛选电子调速器、起落架、飞控、图传发射机、地面接收机等部件,集成设计出一款较优化的模块化低空长航时无人机。为了减轻飞行平台重量、提高载重、延长飞行时间和距离,进行了大量的重复实验以选型,并进行了各种基础功能的测试。相对于传统飞行平台,该无人机飞行平台具备长航时和飞行距离远的特点,还可以搭载微型单反、下挂投放舱、气象探测器等更多的装备,与卫星链接可以轻松上传拍摄图像,与地面站连接可以一键建模。该无人机可以在各种场地手抛起飞、降落,支持额外配件进行弹射、滑跑、垂直起降,可以滑降、伞降,在应急抗震救灾、国土资源调查监测、数字城市和重大工程建设等方面具有广阔应用前景。

    Abstract:

    Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are used in aerial photogrammetry and digital low-altitude remote sensing, which has the characteristics of low operating cost, high efficiency and flexibility, and a wide range of applications. The fuselage and main wing with better drag reduction, weight loss and strength increase were selected, the motor and propeller with the optimal ratio in the ascending, takeoff and cruising segments under the same power condition were calculated, and the metal steering gear with higher power and safety was preferred as the servo. The electronic governor, landing gear, flight control, image transmitter, ground receiver and other components were carefully selected. So the optimized modular low-altitude long-endurance UAV was integrated. In order to reduce the weight of the flight platform, increase the load, extend the flight time and distance, a large number of repeated experiments were carried out to select the type, and various basic functions were tested. Compared with the traditional flight platform, the UAV flight platform has the characteristics of long flight time and long flight distance. It can also be equipped with more equipment such as miniature SLR, downhanging release cabin, weather detector, etc. The taken photos can be easily uploaded with the satellite link, and it can be modeled with one click when connected with the ground station. The UAV can take off by hand and land at various venues, support additional accessories for ejection, taxiing, vertical take-off and landing, and can slide down and parachute. It has broad application prospects in emergency earthquake relief, land and resources survey and monitoring, digital city and major engineering construction, etc.

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华厚强.模块化低空长航时无人机的设计与实现[J].电子测量技术,2021,44(9):13-21

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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-09-29
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