Reinforced concrete structures are widely used in the power infrastructure, and the detection of rebar can effectively judge the durability of the structure, which is of great significance to ensure the stable operation of the power system. Aiming at the problem that the traditional reinforced concrete detection method cannot determine the direction of the rebar and the measurement of the buried depth is not accurate enough, a method of positioning and buried depth detection based on electromagnetic induction is proposed, through the analysis of the measurement principle of the rebar and the layout design of the Hall sensor. This method is used to judge the center position of the rebar and measure its deflection angle, and the relationship between the detection value and the buried depth is reflected according to the fitting function. Experiments show that the buried depth detection value is affected by the adjacent rebar, the smaller the spacing, the greater the error. Therefore, the detection value under different spacing is corrected by the back propagation neural network, which effectively improves the detection accuracy of the buried depth of the rebar.